Package 'thunder' reference manual

Title:	Computation and Visualisation of Atmospheric Convective Parameters
Description:	Allow to compute and visualise convective parameters commonly used in the operational prediction of severe convective storms. Core algorithm is based on a highly optimized 'C++' code linked into 'R' via 'Rcpp'. Highly efficient engine allows to derive thermodynamic and kinematic parameters from large numerical datasets such as reanalyses or operational Numerical Weather Prediction models in a reasonable amount of time. Package has been developed since 2017 by research meteorologists specializing in severe thunderstorms. The most relevant methods used in the package based on the following publications Stipanuk (1973) <https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0769739.pdf>, McCann et al. (1994) <doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009%3C0532:WNIFFM%3E2.0.CO;2>, Bunkers et al. (2000) <doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015%3C0061:PSMUAN%3E2.0.CO;2>, Corfidi et al. (2003) <doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018%3C0997:CPAMPF%3E2.0.CO;2>, Showalter (1953) <doi:10.1175/1520-0477-34.6.250>, Coffer et al. (2019) <doi:10.1175/WAF-D-19-0115.1>, Gropp and Davenport (2019) <doi:10.1175/WAF-D-17-0150.1>, Czernecki et al. (2019) <doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.010>, Taszarek et al. (2020) <doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0346.1>, Sherburn and Parker (2014) <doi:10.1175/WAF-D-13-00041.1>, Romanic et al. (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.wace.2022.100474>.
Authors:	Bartosz Czernecki [aut, cre] , Mateusz Taszarek [aut] , Piotr Szuster [aut] , Doug Nychka [ctb], Eric Gilleland [ctb], Liangying Zhang [ctb], Tim Hoar [ctb]
Maintainer:	Bartosz Czernecki <[email protected]>
License:	GPL (>= 2)
Version:	1.1.3
Built:	2025-02-15 05:25:39 UTC
Source:	https://github.com/bczernecki/thunder

Download rawinsonde measurement

Description

Download rawinsonde measurement from sounding database of the University of Wyoming in a form convenient to use with thundeR package. In case of problems with downloading the chosen dataset the url is checked 5 times in 5-second intervals.

Usage

get_sounding(wmo_id, yy, mm, dd, hh, metadata = FALSE)
get_sounding(wmo_id, yy, mm, dd, hh, metadata = FALSE)

Arguments

`wmo_id`	international WMO station code (e.g. 11035 for Vienna)
`yy`	year - single number (e.g. 2010)
`mm`	month - single number (e.g. 5)
`dd`	day - single number (e.g. 23)
`hh`	hour - single number (e.g. 0)
`metadata`	- logical, whether to return metadata of downloaded sounding; default FALSE

Value

Returns two lists with values described at: weather.uwyo.edu ; The first list contains:

pressure - pressure [hPa]
altitude - altitude [meters]
temp - temperature [degree Celsius]
dpt - dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
wd - wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
ws - wind speed [knots]

If metadata = TRUE then retrieved data is wrapped into a second list containing available metadata

Source

http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html

Examples


# download rawinsonde profile from Leba station (WMO ID: 12120) for 20 August 2010 1200 UTC:

  profile = get_sounding(wmo_id = 12120, 
                         yy = 2010,
                         mm = 8, 
                         dd = 20, 
                         hh = 12)
  head(profile)
  

# download rawinsonde profile from Leba station (WMO ID: 12120) for 20 August 2010 1200 UTC:

  profile = get_sounding(wmo_id = 12120, 
                         yy = 2010,
                         mm = 8, 
                         dd = 20, 
                         hh = 12)
  head(profile)

Exemplary sounding dataset - sample from LBF North Platte (WMO ID: 72562) - 03 July 1999, 00:00 UTC

Description

The object contains pre-downloaded sounding dataset from University of Wyoming sounding database. Dataset can be downloaded with the following syntax: northplatte = get_sounding(wmo_id = 72562, yy = 1999, mm = 7, dd = 3, hh = 00)

Usage

data("northplatte")
data("northplatte")

Format

A data frame with 71 rows and 6 variables as described in 'get_sounding()'

pressure: pressure [hPa]
altitude: altitude [m]
temp: temperature [degree Celsius]
dpt: dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
wd: wind direction [azimuth as degrees]
ws: wind speed [knots]

Source

http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html

Examples

data(northplatte)
head(northplatte)
data(northplatte)
head(northplatte)

Add line to a Skew-T diagram

Description

Calculate X and Y coordinates for lines to be drawn on Skew-T diagram; Draw any line on Skew-T diagram using temperature and pressure as coordinates

Usage

skewt_lines(temp, pressure, ptop = 100, ...)
skewt_lines(temp, pressure, ptop = 100, ...)

Arguments

`temp`	coordinates to be used based on air temperature vector
`pressure`	coordinates to be used base on air pressure vector
`ptop`	upper limit of drawn trajectory (default: 100 hPa); use only if a line goes beyond the drawing area
`...`	other graphical parameters that can be passed to 'lines()' function, such as 'lwd', 'lty', 'col', etc.

Value

adds line on a pre-defined Skew-T plot

Examples


# take a sample sounding profile:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)

# draw empty Skew-T plot:
skewt_plot(temp_stripes = TRUE, close_par = FALSE)

# draw line for dew-point temperature:
skewt_lines(dpt, pressure, type = 'l', col = 'forestgreen', lwd = 2.5) 
# draw line for air temperature:
skewt_lines(temp, pressure, type = 'l', col='red', lwd = 2.5) 

# take a sample sounding profile:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)

# draw empty Skew-T plot:
skewt_plot(temp_stripes = TRUE, close_par = FALSE)

# draw line for dew-point temperature:
skewt_lines(dpt, pressure, type = 'l', col = 'forestgreen', lwd = 2.5) 
# draw line for air temperature:
skewt_lines(temp, pressure, type = 'l', col='red', lwd = 2.5)

Plot empty Skew-T diagram

Description

Function for plotting a customized version of the Skew-T diagram. Please note that drawing Skew-T may require increasing size or modifying aspect ratio of plotting window in order to provide readable results.

Usage

skewt_plot(
  ptop = 100,
  isoterms_col = "#d8be9b",
  temp_stripes = FALSE,
  mixing_ratio_col = "#8470FF90",
  dry_adiabats_col = "#d6878750",
  moist_adiabats_col = "#00FF0095",
  deg45 = FALSE,
  isotherm0 = TRUE,
  close_par = TRUE,
  ...
)
skewt_plot(
  ptop = 100,
  isoterms_col = "#d8be9b",
  temp_stripes = FALSE,
  mixing_ratio_col = "#8470FF90",
  dry_adiabats_col = "#d6878750",
  moist_adiabats_col = "#00FF0095",
  deg45 = FALSE,
  isotherm0 = TRUE,
  close_par = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

`ptop`	Pressure top level to be used for plotting diagram. Valid options: 200, 150, 100 (default) and 50 hPa
`isoterms_col`	color to be used for drawing dry isoterms
`temp_stripes`	logical, whether to draw color stripes for isotherms
`mixing_ratio_col`	color to be used for drawing mixing ratio isolines and labels. If set to NA or empty string isolines are not drawn
`dry_adiabats_col`	color to be used for drawing dry adiabats. If set to NA or not provided drawing lines skipped
`moist_adiabats_col`	color to be used for drawing moist adiabats. If set to NA or not provided drawing lines skipped
`deg45`	whether to preserve 45 degrees for diagonal isolines on Skew-T diagram regardless ploting window aspect ratio. [logical, default: FALSE]
`isotherm0`	whether to deliminate 0 degree Celsius isother [logical, default: TRUE]
`close_par`	if plot will be modified in next steps storing par settings is needed. This logical argument is turned on by default. If you want to modify Skew-T plot in next step set it to FALSE
`...`	additional (mostly graphical) parameters to be passed

Value

Draws a Skew-T log-p diagram

Examples

skewt_plot(ptop = 100)

skewt_plot(ptop = 150, temp_stripes = TRUE) # add color stripes for temperature

skewt_plot(ptop = 100, close_par = FALSE)
title("Your title")
mtext('WMO ID: 11035, 2011-08-23 1200 UTC', padj = -0.5, col = "white")
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)

output = sounding_export(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws)
skewt_lines(output$dpt, output$pressure,type='l',col='forestgreen',lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$temp,output$pressure,type='l',col='red', lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$MU,output$pressure, col = "orange", lty = 1, lwd = 2)
skewt_lines(output$tempV,output$pressure, col = "red3", lty = 3, lwd = 1.5)

skewt_plot(ptop = 100)

skewt_plot(ptop = 150, temp_stripes = TRUE) # add color stripes for temperature

skewt_plot(ptop = 100, close_par = FALSE)
title("Your title")
mtext('WMO ID: 11035, 2011-08-23 1200 UTC', padj = -0.5, col = "white")
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)

output = sounding_export(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws)
skewt_lines(output$dpt, output$pressure,type='l',col='forestgreen',lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$temp,output$pressure,type='l',col='red', lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$MU,output$pressure, col = "orange", lty = 1, lwd = 2)
skewt_lines(output$tempV,output$pressure, col = "red3", lty = 3, lwd = 1.5)

Plot wind profile using wind barbs

Description

Function for plotting wind direction and wind speed profile with the use of wind barbs. Can be launched as standalone function or coupled with pre-drawn Skew-T diagram.

Usage

sounding_barbs(
  pressure,
  ws,
  wd,
  altitude,
  ptop = 100,
  interpolate = TRUE,
  showaxis = FALSE,
  barb_cex = 0.3,
  ...
)
sounding_barbs(
  pressure,
  ws,
  wd,
  altitude,
  ptop = 100,
  interpolate = TRUE,
  showaxis = FALSE,
  barb_cex = 0.3,
  ...
)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`wd`	wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
`altitude`	altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) - altitude [m]
`ptop`	Pressure top level [hPa] to be used for plotting wind speed. Valid options should be < 200 hPa (100 by default)
`interpolate`	logical, draw wind barbs only at interpolated altitudes with 500 m interval (default = TRUE) instead of all wind barbs for a given input dataset
`showaxis`	logical, drawing bounding box with left axis for pressure heighs (default FALSE)
`barb_cex`	size of wind barbs (default = 0.3)
`...`	extra graphic arguments

Value

wind barbs plot for a given vertical profile of atmosphere

Examples

# load examplary dataset:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_barbs(pressure = pressure, ws = ws, wd = wd, altitude = altitude,
              interpolate = TRUE, showaxis = TRUE)

# load examplary dataset:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_barbs(pressure = pressure, ws = ws, wd = wd, altitude = altitude,
              interpolate = TRUE, showaxis = TRUE)

Calculate convective parameters

Description

A core function for calculating convective parameters commonly used in the operational prediction of severe convective storms. Returns a vector of parameters.

Usage

sounding_compute(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  accuracy = 2,
  interpolate_step = 5,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999)
)
sounding_compute(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  accuracy = 2,
  interpolate_step = 5,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999)
)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`altitude`	altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) altitude [metres]
`temp`	temperature [degree Celsius]
`dpt`	dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
`wd`	wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`accuracy`	accuracy of computations where 3 = high (slow), 2 = medium (recommended), 1 = low (fast)
`interpolate_step`	interpolation step to be used for vertical interpolation. Valid only if 'accuracy' is set to 3 (default is 5 m)
`meanlayer_bottom_top`	(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500
`storm_motion`	(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed (m/s) and wind directions (degrees) that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

Details

MU_CAPE
MU_CAPE_M10
MU_CAPE_M10_PT
MU_02km_CAPE
MU_03km_CAPE
MU_HGL_CAPE
MU_CIN
MU_LCL_HGT
MU_LFC_HGT
MU_EL_HGT
MU_LI
MU_LI_M10
MU_WMAX
MU_EL_TEMP
MU_LCL_TEMP
MU_LFC_TEMP
MU_MIXR
MU_CAPE_500
MU_CAPE_500_M10
MU_CAPE_500_M10_PT
MU_CIN_500
MU_LI_500
MU_LI_500_M10
SB_CAPE
SB_CAPE_M10
SB_CAPE_M10_PT
SB_02km_CAPE
SB_03km_CAPE
SB_HGL_CAPE
SB_CIN
SB_LCL_HGT
SB_LFC_HGT
SB_EL_HGT
SB_LI
SB_LI_M10
SB_WMAX
SB_EL_TEMP
SB_LCL_TEMP
SB_LFC_TEMP
SB_MIXR
ML_CAPE
ML_CAPE_M10
ML_CAPE_M10_PT
ML_02km_CAPE
ML_03km_CAPE
ML_HGL_CAPE
ML_CIN
ML_LCL_HGT
ML_LFC_HGT
ML_EL_HGT
ML_LI
ML_LI_M10
ML_WMAX
ML_EL_TEMP
ML_LCL_TEMP
ML_LFC_TEMP
ML_MIXR
LR_0500m
LR_01km
LR_02km
LR_03km
LR_04km
LR_06km
LR_16km
LR_26km
LR_24km
LR_36km
LR_26km_MAX
LR_500700hPa
LR_500800hPa
LR_600800hPa
FRZG_HGT
FRZG_wetbulb_HGT
HGT_max_thetae_03km
HGT_min_thetae_04km
Delta_thetae
Delta_thetae_min04km
Thetae_01km
Thetae_02km
DCAPE
Cold_Pool_Strength
Wind_Index
PRCP_WATER
Moisture_Flux_02km
RH_01km
RH_02km
RH_14km
RH_25km
RH_36km
RH_HGL
BS_0500m
BS_01km
BS_02km
BS_03km
BS_06km
BS_08km
BS_36km
BS_26km
BS_16km
BS_18km
BS_EFF_MU
BS_EFF_SB
BS_EFF_ML
BS_SFC_to_M10
BS_1km_to_M10
BS_2km_to_M10
BS_MU_LFC_to_M10
BS_SB_LFC_to_M10
BS_ML_LFC_to_M10
BS_MW02_to_SM
BS_MW02_to_RM
BS_MW02_to_LM
BS_HGL_to_SM
BS_HGL_to_RM
BS_HGL_to_LM
MW_0500m
MW_01km
MW_02km
MW_03km
MW_06km
MW_13km
SRH_100m_RM
SRH_250m_RM
SRH_500m_RM
SRH_1km_RM
SRH_3km_RM
SRH_36km_RM
SRH_100m_LM
SRH_250m_LM
SRH_500m_LM
SRH_1km_LM
SRH_3km_LM
SRH_36km_LM
SV_500m_RM
SV_01km_RM
SV_03km_RM
SV_500m_LM
SV_01km_LM
SV_03km_LM
MW_SR_500m_RM
MW_SR_01km_RM
MW_SR_03km_RM
MW_SR_500m_LM
MW_SR_01km_LM
MW_SR_03km_LM
MW_SR_VM_500m_RM
MW_SR_VM_01km_RM
MW_SR_VM_03km_RM
MW_SR_VM_500m_LM
MW_SR_VM_01km_LM
MW_SR_VM_03km_LM
SV_FRA_500m_RM
SV_FRA_01km_RM
SV_FRA_03km_RM
SV_FRA_500m_LM
SV_FRA_01km_LM
SV_FRA_03km_LM
Bunkers_RM_A
Bunkers_RM_M
Bunkers_LM_A
Bunkers_LM_M
Bunkers_MW_A
Bunkers_MW_M
Corfidi_downwind_A
Corfidi_downwind_M
Corfidi_upwind_A
Corfidi_upwind_M
K_Index
Showalter_Index
TotalTotals_Index
SWEAT_Index
STP_fix
STP_new
STP_fix_LM
STP_new_LM
SCP_fix
SCP_new
SCP_fix_LM
SCP_new_LM
SHIP
HSI
DCP
MU_WMAXSHEAR
SB_WMAXSHEAR
ML_WMAXSHEAR
MU_EFF_WMAXSHEAR
SB_EFF_WMAXSHEAR
ML_EFF_WMAXSHEAR
EHI_500m
EHI_01km
EHI_03km
EHI_500m_LM
EHI_01km_LM
EHI_03km_LM
SHERBS3
SHERBE
SHERBS3_v2
SHERBE_v2
DEI
DEI_eff
TIP

Value

Named vector of 200+ convective indices

Examples

old_options = options(scipen = 99) 
pressure = c(1000, 855, 700, 500, 300, 100, 10)
altitude = c(0, 1500, 2500, 6000, 8500, 12000, 25000)
temp = c(25, 10, 0, -15, -30, -50, -92)
dpt = c(20, 5, -5, -30, -55, -80, -99)
wd = c(0, 90, 135, 180, 270, 350, 0)
ws = c(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0)
accuracy = 2
sounding_compute(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws, accuracy)
options(old_options) 
old_options = options(scipen = 99) 
pressure = c(1000, 855, 700, 500, 300, 100, 10)
altitude = c(0, 1500, 2500, 6000, 8500, 12000, 25000)
temp = c(25, 10, 0, -15, -30, -50, -92)
dpt = c(20, 5, -5, -30, -55, -80, -99)
wd = c(0, 90, 135, 180, 270, 350, 0)
ws = c(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0)
accuracy = 2
sounding_compute(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws, accuracy)
options(old_options)

R call to C++ function for calculating thermo- and kinematic indices derived from atmospheric profiling.

Description

More details in the sounding_compute() function

Usage

sounding_default(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  export_profile,
  accuracy,
  interpolate_step,
  meanlayer_bottom_top,
  storm_motion
)
sounding_default(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  export_profile,
  accuracy,
  interpolate_step,
  meanlayer_bottom_top,
  storm_motion
)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`altitude`	altitude [meters]
`temp`	temperature [degree Celsius]
`dpt`	dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
`wd`	wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`export_profile`	possibility to export interpolated profile on the levels defined in accuracy configuration
`accuracy`	accuracy of computations where 3 = high (slow), 2 = medium (recommended), 1 = low (fast)
`interpolate_step`	interpolation step to be used for vertical interpolation. Valid only if 'accuracy' is set to 3 (default is 5 m)
`meanlayer_bottom_top`	(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500
`storm_motion`	(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed (m/s) and wind directions (degrees) that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

Value

MU_CAPE
MU_CAPE_M10
MU_CAPE_M10_PT
MU_02km_CAPE
MU_03km_CAPE
MU_HGL_CAPE
MU_CIN
MU_LCL_HGT
MU_LFC_HGT
MU_EL_HGT
MU_LI
MU_LI_M10
MU_WMAX
MU_EL_TEMP
MU_LCL_TEMP
MU_LFC_TEMP
MU_MIXR
MU_CAPE_500
MU_CAPE_500_M10
MU_CAPE_500_M10_PT
MU_CIN_500
MU_LI_500
MU_LI_500_M10
SB_CAPE
SB_CAPE_M10
SB_CAPE_M10_PT
SB_02km_CAPE
SB_03km_CAPE
SB_HGL_CAPE
SB_CIN
SB_LCL_HGT
SB_LFC_HGT
SB_EL_HGT
SB_LI
SB_LI_M10
SB_WMAX
SB_EL_TEMP
SB_LCL_TEMP
SB_LFC_TEMP
SB_MIXR
ML_CAPE
ML_CAPE_M10
ML_CAPE_M10_PT
ML_02km_CAPE
ML_03km_CAPE
ML_HGL_CAPE
ML_CIN
ML_LCL_HGT
ML_LFC_HGT
ML_EL_HGT
ML_LI
ML_LI_M10
ML_WMAX
ML_EL_TEMP
ML_LCL_TEMP
ML_LFC_TEMP
ML_MIXR
LR_0500m
LR_01km
LR_02km
LR_03km
LR_04km
LR_06km
LR_16km
LR_26km
LR_24km
LR_36km
LR_26km_MAX
LR_500700hPa
LR_500800hPa
LR_600800hPa
FRZG_HGT
FRZG_wetbulb_HGT
HGT_max_thetae_03km
HGT_min_thetae_04km
Delta_thetae
Delta_thetae_min04km
Thetae_01km
Thetae_02km
DCAPE
Cold_Pool_Strength
Wind_Index
PRCP_WATER
Moisture_Flux_02km
RH_01km
RH_02km
RH_14km
RH_25km
RH_36km
RH_HGL
BS_0500m
BS_01km
BS_02km
BS_03km
BS_06km
BS_08km
BS_36km
BS_26km
BS_16km
BS_18km
BS_EFF_MU
BS_EFF_SB
BS_EFF_ML
BS_SFC_to_M10
BS_1km_to_M10
BS_2km_to_M10
BS_MU_LFC_to_M10
BS_SB_LFC_to_M10
BS_ML_LFC_to_M10
BS_MW02_to_SM
BS_MW02_to_RM
BS_MW02_to_LM
BS_HGL_to_SM
BS_HGL_to_RM
BS_HGL_to_LM
MW_0500m
MW_01km
MW_02km
MW_03km
MW_06km
MW_13km
SRH_100m_RM
SRH_250m_RM
SRH_500m_RM
SRH_1km_RM
SRH_3km_RM
SRH_36km_RM
SRH_100m_LM
SRH_250m_LM
SRH_500m_LM
SRH_1km_LM
SRH_3km_LM
SRH_36km_LM
SV_500m_RM
SV_01km_RM
SV_03km_RM
SV_500m_LM
SV_01km_LM
SV_03km_LM
MW_SR_500m_RM
MW_SR_01km_RM
MW_SR_03km_RM
MW_SR_500m_LM
MW_SR_01km_LM
MW_SR_03km_LM
MW_SR_VM_500m_RM
MW_SR_VM_01km_RM
MW_SR_VM_03km_RM
MW_SR_VM_500m_LM
MW_SR_VM_01km_LM
MW_SR_VM_03km_LM
SV_FRA_500m_RM
SV_FRA_01km_RM
SV_FRA_03km_RM
SV_FRA_500m_LM
SV_FRA_01km_LM
SV_FRA_03km_LM
Bunkers_RM_A
Bunkers_RM_M
Bunkers_LM_A
Bunkers_LM_M
Bunkers_MW_A
Bunkers_MW_M
Corfidi_downwind_A
Corfidi_downwind_M
Corfidi_upwind_A
Corfidi_upwind_M
K_Index
Showalter_Index
TotalTotals_Index
SWEAT_Index
STP_fix
STP_new
STP_fix_LM
STP_new_LM
SCP_fix
SCP_new
SCP_fix_LM
SCP_new_LM
SHIP
HSI
DCP
MU_WMAXSHEAR
SB_WMAXSHEAR
ML_WMAXSHEAR
MU_EFF_WMAXSHEAR
SB_EFF_WMAXSHEAR
ML_EFF_WMAXSHEAR
EHI_500m
EHI_01km
EHI_03km
EHI_500m_LM
EHI_01km_LM
EHI_03km_LM
SHERBS3
SHERBE
SHERBS3_v2
SHERBE_v2
DEI
DEI_eff
TIP

Examples

pressure = c(1000, 855, 700, 500, 300, 100, 10) 
altitude = c(0, 1500, 2500, 6000, 8500, 12000, 25000)
temp = c(25, 10, 0, -15, -30, -50, -92)
dpt = c(20, 5, -5, -30, -55, -80, -99)
wd = c(0, 90, 135, 180, 270, 350, 0)
ws = c(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0)
sounding_default(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws,
                 accuracy = 3,
                 export_profile = 0,
                 interpolate_step = 5,
                 storm_motion = c(999, 999),
                 meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500))
pressure = c(1000, 855, 700, 500, 300, 100, 10) 
altitude = c(0, 1500, 2500, 6000, 8500, 12000, 25000)
temp = c(25, 10, 0, -15, -30, -50, -92)
dpt = c(20, 5, -5, -30, -55, -80, -99)
wd = c(0, 90, 135, 180, 270, 350, 0)
ws = c(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0)
sounding_default(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws,
                 accuracy = 3,
                 export_profile = 0,
                 interpolate_step = 5,
                 storm_motion = c(999, 999),
                 meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500))

Sounding export

Description

Internal package function for exporting interpolated profile with 5 m (or user-defined) steps

Usage

sounding_export(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  accuracy = 3,
  interpolate_step = 5,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999)
)
sounding_export(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  accuracy = 3,
  interpolate_step = 5,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999)
)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`altitude`	altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) altitude [meters]
`temp`	temperature [degree Celsius]
`dpt`	dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
`wd`	wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`accuracy`	accuracy of computations where 3 = high (slow), 2 = medium (recommended), 1 = low (fast)
`interpolate_step`	interpolation step to be used for vertical interpolation. Valid only if 'accuracy' is set to 3 (default is set to 5 m)
`meanlayer_bottom_top`	(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500
`storm_motion`	(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed [m/s] and wind directions [degrees] that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

Value

Data frame of computed values for visualizing parcel trajectories

pressure pressure [hPa]
altitude altitude [m]
temp temperature [degree Celsius]
tempV virtual temperature [degree Celsius]
dpt dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
wd wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
ws wind speed [knots]
MU temperature for most unstable CAPE trajectory [degree Celsius]
SB temperature for surface based CAPE trajectory [degree Celsius]
ML temperature for mixed layer CAPE trajectory [degree Celsius]

Examples

data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
skewt_plot(close_par = FALSE)
output = sounding_export(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws)
skewt_lines(output$dpt, output$pressure, col = "forestgreen", lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$temp, output$pressure, col = "red", lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$MU, output$pressure, col = "orange", lty = 1, lwd = 2)
skewt_lines(output$tempV, output$pressure, col = "red3", lty = 3, lwd = 1.5)
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
skewt_plot(close_par = FALSE)
output = sounding_export(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws)
skewt_lines(output$dpt, output$pressure, col = "forestgreen", lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$temp, output$pressure, col = "red", lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$MU, output$pressure, col = "orange", lty = 1, lwd = 2)
skewt_lines(output$tempV, output$pressure, col = "red3", lty = 3, lwd = 1.5)

Plot hodograph based on rawinsonde data

Description

Plot hodograph to show changes in wind speed and wind direction with height

Usage

sounding_hodograph(
  ws,
  wd,
  altitude,
  max_hght = 12000,
  max_speed = 25,
  lab_hghts = c(0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12),
  close_par = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km_RM",
  storm_motion = c(999, 999),
  ...
)
sounding_hodograph(
  ws,
  wd,
  altitude,
  max_hght = 12000,
  max_speed = 25,
  lab_hghts = c(0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12),
  close_par = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km_RM",
  storm_motion = c(999, 999),
  ...
)

Arguments

`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`wd`	wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
`altitude`	altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) altitude [m]
`max_hght`	maximum altitude [km] to be considered on the hodograph, 12 km used by default
`max_speed`	displayed range of the drawn hodograph [m/s], 25 m/s used as default
`lab_hghts`	height labels [km] to be drawn on the hodograph, 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 used by default; NULL for skipping labels
`close_par`	if plot will be modified in next steps storing par settings is needed. This logical argument is turned on by default. If you want to modify Skew-T plot in next step set it to FALSE
`SRH_polygon`	draws polygon for storm-relative helicity, available options are "0500m", "01km", "03km", "36km", "none", "03km" used as default
`storm_motion`	(optional) for moving storms only - one can define wind speed [m/s] and wind directions [degrees] that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters
`...`	other graphical parameters to be used with plot() function

Value

hodograph plot

Examples

#northplatte = get_sounding(wmo_id = 72562, yy = 1999, mm = 7, dd = 3, hh = 0)
data("northplatte") 
sounding_hodograph(
  ws = northplatte$ws, wd = northplatte$wd,
  altitude = northplatte$altitude, max_speed = 40
)
title("North Platte - 3 July 1999, 00:00 UTC")
#northplatte = get_sounding(wmo_id = 72562, yy = 1999, mm = 7, dd = 3, hh = 0)
data("northplatte") 
sounding_hodograph(
  ws = northplatte$ws, wd = northplatte$wd,
  altitude = northplatte$altitude, max_speed = 40
)
title("North Platte - 3 July 1999, 00:00 UTC")

Plot Skew-T, hodograph and convective indices on a single layout

Description

Function to plot a composite graphics with Skew-T, hodograph and selected convective parameters on a single layout

Usage

sounding_plot(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  title = "",
  parcel = "MU",
  max_speed = 25,
  buoyancy_polygon = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km_RM",
  DCAPE = FALSE,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999),
  ...
)
sounding_plot(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  title = "",
  parcel = "MU",
  max_speed = 25,
  buoyancy_polygon = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km_RM",
  DCAPE = FALSE,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999),
  ...
)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`altitude`	altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) - altitude [meters]
`temp`	temperature [degree Celsius]
`dpt`	dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
`wd`	wind direction [azimuth in degrees]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`title`	title to be added in the layout's header
`parcel`	parcel tracing on Skew-T for "MU", "ML" or "SB" parcel, "none" for no parcel line.
`max_speed`	range of the hodograph to be drawn, 25 m/s used as default
`buoyancy_polygon`	logical, plotting area of parcel's positive (yellow) or negative (red) buoyancy (default = TRUE)
`SRH_polygon`	draws polygon for storm-relative helicity, available options are "0500m", "01km", "03km", "36km", "none", "03km" used as default
`DCAPE`	draws downdraft parcel and polygon of downdraft's negative buoyancy (default = FALSE)
`meanlayer_bottom_top`	(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500
`storm_motion`	(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed [m/s] and wind directions [degrees] that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters
`...`	extra graphical arguments to be added

Value

panel of Skew-T, hodograph and table with convective indices drawn on a pre-defined single layout

Examples

data("sounding_vienna")
sounding_vienna = na.omit(sounding_vienna)
sounding_plot(sounding_vienna$pressure, sounding_vienna$altitude,
  sounding_vienna$temp, sounding_vienna$dpt,
  sounding_vienna$wd, sounding_vienna$ws,
  parcel = "MU", title = "Vienna - 23 August 2011, 12:00 UTC"
)
data("sounding_vienna")
sounding_vienna = na.omit(sounding_vienna)
sounding_plot(sounding_vienna$pressure, sounding_vienna$altitude,
  sounding_vienna$temp, sounding_vienna$dpt,
  sounding_vienna$wd, sounding_vienna$ws,
  parcel = "MU", title = "Vienna - 23 August 2011, 12:00 UTC"
)

Save 'sounding_layout' to a graphical file

Description

Auxiliary function to 'sounding_plot' that plots a composite \ of Skew-T, hodograph and selected convective parameters \ on a single layout and saves as graphical file.

Usage

sounding_save(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  title = "",
  parcel = "MU",
  max_speed = 25,
  buoyancy_polygon = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km",
  DCAPE = FALSE,
  filename,
  ...
)
sounding_save(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  title = "",
  parcel = "MU",
  max_speed = 25,
  buoyancy_polygon = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km",
  DCAPE = FALSE,
  filename,
  ...
)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`altitude`	altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as a surface, i.e h = 0 m)
`temp`	temperature [degree Celsius]
`dpt`	dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
`wd`	wind direction in degrees [azimuth in degrees]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`title`	title to be added in the layout's header
`parcel`	parcel tracing on Skew-T for "MU", "ML" or "SB" parcel, "none" for no parcel line.
`max_speed`	range of the hodograph to be drawn, 25 m/s used as default
`buoyancy_polygon`	logical, plotting area of parcel's positive (yellow) or negative (red) buoyancy (default = TRUE)
`SRH_polygon`	draws polygon for storm-relative helicity, available options are "0500m", "01km", "03km", "36km", "none", "03km" used as default
`DCAPE`	draws downdraft parcel and polygon of downdraft's negative buoyancy (default = FALSE)
`filename`	output file name with extension indicating file format (e.g. "my_plot.png" or "my_plot.svg")
`...`	other arguments that can be used with 'sounding_plot' or other graphic arguments

Value

graphical file with Skew-T and hodograph on a single layout

Examples


data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_save(filename = tempfile(), 
             pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws, parcel = "MU", 
             title = "Vienna - 23 August 2011, 12:00 UTC")
 

data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_save(filename = tempfile(), 
             pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws, parcel = "MU", 
             title = "Vienna - 23 August 2011, 12:00 UTC")

Examplary sounding dataset - sample from Vienna (WMO ID: 11035) - 23 August 2011, 1200 UTC

Description

The object contains pre-downloaded sounding dataset from University of Wyoming sounding database. Dataset can be downloaded with the following syntax: demo_dataset = get_sounding(wmo_id = 11035, yy = 2011, mm = 8, dd = 23, hh = 12)

Usage

data("sounding_vienna")
data("sounding_vienna")

Format

A data frame with 88 rows and 6 variables as described in 'get_sounding()'

pressure: pressure [hPa]
altitude: altitude [m]
temp: temperature [degree Celsius]
dpt: dew point temperature [degree Celsius]
wd: wind direction [azimuth as degrees]
ws: wind speed [knots]

Source

http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html

Examples

data(sounding_vienna)
head(sounding_vienna)
data(sounding_vienna)
head(sounding_vienna)

Plot vertical wind speed profile

Description

Function for plotting wind speed profile. Can be launched as standalone function or coupled with pre-drawn Skew-T diagram.

Usage

sounding_wind(pressure, ws, ptop = 100, yaxs = TRUE, ...)
sounding_wind(pressure, ws, ptop = 100, yaxs = TRUE, ...)

Arguments

`pressure`	pressure [hPa]
`ws`	wind speed [knots]
`ptop`	pressure top level [hPa] to be used for plotting wind speed. Valid options should be < 200 hPa (100 by default)
`yaxs`	logic. Whether to add labels to heights on Y lab
`...`	extra graphic arguments

Value

graphical representation of vertical wind speed profile

Examples

# load examplary dataset:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_wind(pressure = pressure, ws = ws, yaxs = TRUE)
# load examplary dataset:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_wind(pressure = pressure, ws = ws, yaxs = TRUE)

Download file in a graceful way

Description

Function for downloading & testing url/internet connection according to CRAN policy Example solution strongly based on https://community.rstudio.com/t/internet-resources-should-fail-gracefully/49199/12 as suggested by kvasilopoulos

Usage

test_url(link, output, quiet = FALSE)
test_url(link, output, quiet = FALSE)

Arguments

`link`	character vector with URL to check
`output`	character vector for output file name
`quiet`	logical vector (TRUE or FALSE) to be passed to curl_download function. FALSE by default

Value

No return value, called for side effects to check for internet connection

Examples


 link = "http://httpbin.org/status/200"
 output = tempfile()
 test_url(link = link, output = output)


link = "http://httpbin.org/status/200"
 output = tempfile()
 test_url(link = link, output = output)

Wind barbs

Description

A function to plot a wind barb. This is a modified version of 'station.symbol' function from the RadioSonde package. Currently wind barbs are supported up to 190 knots.

Usage

windbarbs(cx, cy, direction, speed = NA, cex = 1)
windbarbs(cx, cy, direction, speed = NA, cex = 1)

Arguments

`cx`	x coordinates on a plot
`cy`	y coordinates on a plot
`direction`	wind direction (0-360 degrees)
`speed`	wind speed in knots
`cex`	symbol size. Default 1

Value

wind barb graphics

Examples

plot(1, xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', xlab = "", ylab = "", frame = FALSE)
windbarbs(cx = 1, cy = 1, direction = 120, speed = 99, cex = 5)

# multiplot
oldpar = par(no.readonly = TRUE)

par(mfrow=c(5,4), mar = c(1,1,1,1))
for (i in 19:38){
  sc = 5
  plot(0:2, xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', type = "n", xlab = "", ylab = "")
  text(1.4,1, i*sc, cex = 1.5)
  windbarbs(cx = 2, cy = 1, direction = 60, speed = i*sc, cex = 3)
}

par(oldpar) # restore drawing settings
plot(1, xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', xlab = "", ylab = "", frame = FALSE)
windbarbs(cx = 1, cy = 1, direction = 120, speed = 99, cex = 5)

# multiplot
oldpar = par(no.readonly = TRUE)

par(mfrow=c(5,4), mar = c(1,1,1,1))
for (i in 19:38){
  sc = 5
  plot(0:2, xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', type = "n", xlab = "", ylab = "")
  text(1.4,1, i*sc, cex = 1.5)
  windbarbs(cx = 2, cy = 1, direction = 60, speed = i*sc, cex = 3)
}

par(oldpar) # restore drawing settings

Package 'thunder'

Help Index

Download rawinsonde measurement

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Source

Examples

Exemplary sounding dataset - sample from LBF North Platte (WMO ID: 72562) - 03 July 1999, 00:00 UTC

Description

Usage

Format

Source

Examples

Add line to a Skew-T diagram

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Plot empty Skew-T diagram

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Plot wind profile using wind barbs

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Calculate convective parameters

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Examples

R call to C++ function for calculating thermo- and kinematic indices derived from atmospheric profiling.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Sounding export

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Plot hodograph based on rawinsonde data

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Plot Skew-T, hodograph and convective indices on a single layout

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Save 'sounding_layout' to a graphical file

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Examplary sounding dataset - sample from Vienna (WMO ID: 11035) - 23 August 2011, 1200 UTC

Description

Usage

Format

Source

Examples

Plot vertical wind speed profile

Description

Usage

Arguments